Prompt

翻译以下的每个单词, 并标注国际音标, 然后再用每个单词造一个句子并把句子翻译成中文:

Unfamiliar

B2

ab

absorb [əbˈsɔːrb] v. 吸收
- Plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
- 植物从土壤中吸收水分和营养物质。
accommodate [əˈkɑːmədeɪt] v. 容纳；适应
- The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.
- 这家酒店可容纳多达200位客人。
accommodation [əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn] n. 住宿
- The hotel offers comfortable and affordable accommodation.
- 这家酒店提供舒适、实惠的住宿。
accountant [əˈkaʊntənt] n. 会计师
- My friend is an accountant who works for a big accounting firm.
- 我朋友是一名在大型会计公司工作的会计师。
acid [ˈæsɪd] n. 酸
- Lemon contains citric acid.
- 柠檬含有柠檬酸。
acre [ˈeɪkər] n. 英亩
- The farm covers an area of 20 acres.
- 这个农场占地20英亩。
addiction [əˈdɪkʃn] n. 上瘾
- He has a gambling addiction and has lost all his savings.
- 他有赌瘾，已经输光了所有积蓄。
additionally [əˈdɪʃənəli] adv. 另外；此外
- Additionally, we need to consider the impact on the environment.
- 此外，我们还需要考虑对环境的影响。
adequate [ˈædɪkwət] adj. 足够的；适当的
- The company provides its employees with adequate training.
- 公司为员工提供了足够的培训。
adequately [ˈædɪkwadeɪtli] adv. 充分地；适当地
- The problem was not adequately addressed.
- 这个问题没有得到充分的解决。
agriculture [ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər] n. 农业
- Agriculture is an important industry in many countries.
- 农业是许多国家重要的产业。
alongside [əˌlɔːŋˈsaɪd] prep. 跟…并排；在…旁边
- The river flows alongside the town.
- 这条河流从小镇旁边流过。
altogether [ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər] adv. 总共；完全
- Altogether, there were 50 people at the party.
- 总共有50人参加了聚会。
amusing [əˈmjuːzɪŋ] adj. 有趣的；娱乐的
- The movie was very amusing and made us laugh a lot.
- 这部电影非常有趣，让我们笑了很多。
analyst [ˈænəlɪst] n. 分析师；专家
- The financial analyst predicted a rise in the stock market.
- 这位金融分析师预测股市将上涨。
anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt] v. 预期；期望 (participate v. 参加, 参与)
- We anticipate a busy day ahead.
- 我们预计今天会很忙。
anxiety [æŋˈzaɪəti] n. 焦虑；担忧
- She suffers from anxiety and finds it hard to relax.
- 她患有焦虑症，很难放松。
applicant [ˈæplɪkənt] n. 申请人
- The company received over 500 applicants for the job.
- 公司收到了500多个求职申请。
asset [ˈæset] n. 资产；优点
- The house is the family’s most valuable asset.
- 这所房子是这个家庭最有价值的资产。
assign [əˈsaɪn] v. 分配；指定
- The teacher assigned a project to the students.
- 老师分配了一个项目给学生们。
assistance [əˈsɪstəns] n. 援助；帮助
- The government offered financial assistance to the flood victims.
- 政府向洪灾受害者提供了财政援助。
assumption [əˈsʌmpʃn] n. 假定；假设 (assume v. 假定, 假设)
- The argument is based on the assumption that everyone has equal opportunities.
- 这个论点基于每个人都有平等机会的假设。
assure [əˈʃʊr] v. 保证；确信
- The company assured its customers that the product was safe to use.
- 公司向客户保证产品使用安全。
astonishing [əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ] adj. 令人惊讶的；惊人的
- The magician performed some astonishing tricks.
- 魔术师表演了一些令人惊讶的魔术。
athletic [əˈθletɪk] adj. 运动的；健康的 (athlete [ˈæθliːt] n. 运动员)
- He is very athletic and enjoys playing sports.
- 他非常爱好运动，喜欢打球。
awareness [əˈweənəs] n. 意识；认识
- The campaign aims to raise awareness of environmental issues.
- 这个活动旨在提高人们对环境问题的意识。
badge [bædʒ] n. 徽章；标记
- The police officer wore a badge on his uniform.
- 警察在制服上戴了徽章。
ballet [ˈbæleɪ] n. 芭蕾舞
- The ballet performance was beautiful and graceful.
- 这场芭蕾舞表演美丽优雅。
barely [ˈberli] adv. 仅仅；勉强
- She could barely hear what he was saying.
- 她勉强听到了他在说什么。
basement [ˈbeɪsmənt] n. 地下室
- The basement is used for storage.
- 地下室用作储藏室。
bat [bæt] n. 球棒；蝙蝠
- He hit the ball with the bat and scored a home run.
- 他用球棒打中了球，得了一个本垒打。
bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见；偏向
- The article showed a bias towards one political party.
- 这篇文章表现出偏袒某个政党的偏见。
bid [bɪd] n. 出价；投标；v. 出价；投标
- He made a bid for the painting at the auction.
- 他在拍卖会上为这幅画出了一个价。
blanket [ˈblæŋkɪt] n. 毛毯；覆盖物
- She wrapped herself in a warm blanket on the sofa.
- 她在沙发上裹着一条温暖的毛毯。
bold [boʊld] adj. 大胆的；醒目的(bald [bɔːld] adj. 秃头的; n. 秃头)
- The company made a bold decision to invest in new technology.
- 公司做出了一个大胆的决定，投资新技术。
bound [baʊnd] adj. 有义务的；必须的; 受约束的
- The company is bound by law to ensure the safety of its workers.
- 公司被法律规定是有义务的来确保员工的安全。
buck [bʌk] v. 抵制；反对 n.雄鹿；雄性动物；
- We need to buck the trend and make some changes.
- 我们需要反其道而行之，做出一些改变。

cd

cabin [ˈkæbɪn] n. 小木屋
- We rented a cabin in the mountains for our summer vacation.
- 我们在山里租了一间小木屋度过夏季假期。
canal [kəˈnæl] n. 运河；水道路
- The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- 巴拿马运河连接着大西洋和太平洋。
castle [ˈkæsl] n. 城
- The castle was built in the 13th century.
- 这座城堡建于13世纪。
chop [tʃɑp] v. 砍；切碎
- He chopped the wood for the fire.
- 他砍了柴火。
circuit [ˈsɜːrkɪt] n. 电路；巡回赛
- The circuit board controls the functions of the computer.
- 电路板控制着计算机的功能。
civilization [ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] n. 文明
- The ancient civilization of Egypt is famous for its pyramids.
- 古埃及文明以其金字塔而闻名。
classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v. 分类
- The books in the library are classified according to subject.
- 图书馆的书籍按主题分类。
cliff [klɪf] n. 悬崖
- The view from the top of the cliff was breathtaking.
- 从悬崖上俯瞰的景色令人惊叹。
clinic [ˈklɪnɪk] n. 诊所
- She went to the clinic to get a check-up.
- 她去诊所做体检。
clip [klɪp] n. 夹子；v. 剪辑
- She used a clip to hold her hair back.
- 她用夹子把头发固定住。
coincidence [koʊˈɪnsɪdəns] n. 巧合
- It was a coincidence that we both ended up at the same restaurant.
- 我们两个人最终都进了同一家餐厅，真是巧合。
colony [ˈkɑːləni] n. 殖民地；群体
- The United States was once a British colony.
- 美国曾经是英国的殖民地。
comic adj., [ˈkɑːmɪk] n. 喜剧的；漫画
- She enjoys reading comic books in her free time.
- 她闲暇时喜欢看漫画书。
commander [kəˈmændər] n. 指挥官
- The commander led his troops into battle.
- 指挥官带领他的部队参加战斗。
comparative [kəmˈpærətɪv] adj. 比较的；相对的
- She is a comparative newcomer to the company.
- 她算得上公司的新人。
compose [kəmˈpoʊz] v. 组成；创作;作曲
- The committee is composed of six members.
- 委员会由六名成员组成。
composer [kəmˈpoʊzər] n. 作曲家
- Beethoven is one of the most famous composers of all time.
- 贝多芬是有史以来最著名的作曲家之一。
compound [ˈkɑːmpaʊnd] n. 化合物；v. 混合
- Salt is a compound made up of sodium and chloride.
- 盐是由钠和氯化合而成的化合物。
comprehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv] adj. 全面的；综合的
- The report provides a comprehensive analysis of thecompany’s financial performance.
- 这份报告对公司的财务表现进行了全面的分析。
comprise [kəmˈpraɪz] v. 包括；由…组成
- The committee comprises representatives from all departments.
- 委员会由各部门的代表组成。
compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsəri] adj. 强制性的；必修的
- Wearing a seatbelt is compulsory in most countries.
- 在大多数国家，佩戴安全带是强制性的。
concrete adj., [ˈkɑːnkriːt] n. 混凝土的；具体的；n. 混凝土
- The building is made of concrete and steel.
- 这座建筑是由混凝土和钢铁构成的。
consequently [ˈkɑːnsəkwentli] adv. 因此；所以 (consequence n. 结果, 后果)
- He didn’t study for the exam, consequently he failed.
- 他没有为考试学习，因此他失败了。
conservation [ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn] n. 保护；保存 (conservative [kənˈsɜːvətɪv] adj., n. 保守的)
- The conservation of natural resources is important for future generations.
- 自然资源的保护对于未来的世代至关重要。
considerable [kənˈsɪdərəbl] adj. 相当大的；重要的 (considerate 体贴的, 考虑周到的)
- The company has made a considerable investment in new technology.
- 该公司在新技术上做出了相当大的投资。
considerably [kənˈsɪdərəbli] adv. 相当地；非常地
- The cost of living in this city is considerably higher than in other cities.
- 这个城市的生活成本比其他城市高得多。
consistent [kənˈsɪstənt] adj. 一致的；前后如一的, 一贯的 (consistent 更强调的是前后一致性，而 constant 更强调的是稳定性和不变性。persistent 强调持续性) [unfamiliar]
- She has been consistent in her efforts to improve her performance at work.
- 她一直致力于提高自己在工作中的表现，持续不断。
- She’s not very consistent in the way she treats her children.
- 她对待孩子反复无常。
consistently [kənˈsɪstəntli] adv. 一贯地；始终如一地
- She consistently performs well in her job.
- 她在工作中一直表现出色。
conspiracy [kənˈspɪrəsi] n. 阴谋；密谋
- The group was accused of plotting a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
- 这个组织被指控策划了一场颠覆政府的阴谋。
consult [kənˈsʌlt] v. 咨询；请教
- He consulted with his lawyer before signing the contract.
- 他在签署合同之前与律师商议过。
consultant [kənˈsʌltənt] n. 顾问；咨询师
- The company hired a consultant to help with the restructuring.
- 公司聘请了一位顾问来协助重组。
consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] n. 消费；消耗
- The consumption of sugary drinks is linked to obesity.
- 饮用含糖饮料与肥胖有关。
controversial [ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl] adj. 有争议的；引起争议的
- The new policy has been controversial from the beginning.
- 新政策从一开始就引起了争议。
controversy [ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi] n. 争议；争论
- The issue has sparked a lot of controversy among experts.
- 这个问题在专家之间引起了很多争议。
convention [kənˈvenʃn] n. 大会；惯例
- The convention will be held in the convention center downtown.
- 大会将在市中心的会议中心举行。
conventional [kənˈvenʃənl] adj. 传统的；习惯的
- She prefers a conventional style of dress.
- 她更喜欢传统的服装风格。
convey [kənˈveɪ] v. 表达, 传达；运输
- The company uses trucks to convey their products to different cities.
- 该公司使用卡车将产品运往不同的城市。
convincing [kənˈvɪnsɪŋ] adj. 有说服力的
- The lawyer made a convincing argument in court.
- 律师在法庭上提出了有说服力的论点。
cop [kɑːp] n. 警察
- The cop chased after the thief on foot.
- 警察步行追赶小偷。
cope [koʊp] v. 应对；处理
- She had to find a way to cope with the stress of her job.
- 她必须找到应对工作压力的方法。
corridor [ˈkɔːrɪdɔːr] n. 走廊
- The hospital corridor was filled with patients and doctors.
- 医院走廊里挤满了病人和医生。
counter (long flat surface) [ˈkaʊntər] n. 柜台 v. 反驳，驳斥；抵制，抵消；（拳击）还击；逆向移动
- The baker placed the freshly baked bread on the counter.
- 面包师把新鲜出炉的面包放在柜台上。
- League of Legends Counter tips
- 英雄联盟反制针对tips
coverage [ˈkʌvərɪdʒ] n. 覆盖范围；新闻报道
- The insurance policy provides coverage for fire and theft.
- 保险单提供火灾和盗窃的保险范围。
critically [ˈkrɪtɪkli] adv. 批判性地；危急地
- The patient was critically ill and needed immediate surgery.
- 病人病情危急，需要立即手术。
cruise n., [kruːz] v. 巡航；v. 巡航
- We went on a Caribbean cruise for our honeymoon.
- 我们为蜜月去了加勒比海巡航。
cue [kjuː] n. 暗示；线索
- 已死勿cue
- The director gave the actor a cue to start the scene.
- 导演给演员一个暗示开始演出。
curriculum [kəˈrɪkjələm] n. 课程
- Curriculum 通常指的是一个学校或教育机构所规划的整个教学计划，包括教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、评估方法等。它是一个更广泛的概念，通常涵盖多个学科和课程。
- Course 则通常指的是一个特定学科或领域的单个课程，它是一个更具体的概念，通常包括一系列的教学活动和学习材料，旨在帮助学生掌握特定的知识和技能。一个课程通常是一个学期或学年内的一个单元
- The school’s curriculum includes math, science, and language classes.
- 这所学校的课程包括数学、科学和语言课程。
dairy n., [ˈderi] adj. 奶制品；乳制品的 (diary n. 日记)
- The dairy farm produces milk, cheese, and butter.
- 这家乳制品农场生产牛奶、奶酪和黄油。
dare [der] v. 敢；胆敢
- She dared to speak up and defend her beliefs.
- 她敢于发言，捍卫自己的信仰。
deadly [ˈdedli] adj. 致命的
- The snake’s venom is deadly and can kill a person within hours.
- 蛇的毒液是致命的，可以在几小时内致人死亡。
dealer [ˈdiːlər] n. 经销商；商人
- The car dealer offered a discount on the new models.
- 汽车经销商对新款车型提供了折扣。
deck [dek] n. 甲板；一副牌
- We enjoyed the view from the ship’s deck.
- 我们从船甲板上欣赏了美景。
delighted [dɪˈlaɪtɪd] adj. 高兴的；欣喜的
- She was delighted to receive a gift from her friend.
- 她很高兴收到朋友的礼物。
democracy [dɪˈmɑːkrəsi] n. 民主；民主制度
- The country is transitioning to a democracy after years ofdictatorship.
- 这个国家经历了多年的独裁统治后正在转型为民主制度。
demonstration [ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn] n. 演示;示威；示范
- The protesters held a peaceful demonstration in front of the government building.
- 抗议者在政府大楼前举行了和平示威。
depart [dɪˈpɑːrt] v. 离开；出发
- The train will depart from platform 3 in 10 minutes.
- 火车将在10分钟后从3号站台出发。
deposit n., [dɪˈpɑːzɪt] v. 存款；押金；v. 存款；支付押金
- He made a deposit of $1000 into his savings account.
- 他向自己的储蓄账户存入了1000美元。
- She paid a deposit of $50 to reserve the hotel room.
- 她支付了50美元的押金来预定酒店房间。
depression [dɪˈpreʃn] n. 抑郁症；萧条
- The loss of her job led to a period of depression for her.
- 失去工作导致她陷入了一段抑郁期。
derive [dɪˈraɪv] v. 源于；得自
- The word “biology” is derived from the Greek words “bios” and “logos”.
- 单词“生物学”源自希腊词“bios”和“logos”。
desperately [ˈdespərətli] adv. 绝望地；拼命地
- He desperately tried to save his failing business.
- 他拼命地试图挽救自己的业务。
determination [dɪˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃn] n. 决心；决定
- With determination andhard work, she was able to achieve her goals.
- 凭借决心和努力，她成功地实现了自己的目标。
devote [dɪˈvoʊt] v. 献身于；致力于
- He decided to devote his life to helping others.
- 他决定把自己的生命献给帮助他人。
dime [daɪm] n. 十分硬币
- She found a shiny dime on the sidewalk.
- 她在人行道上发现了一枚闪亮的十分硬币。
disability [ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti] n. 残疾；无能
- The company provides accommodations for employees with disabilities.
- 该公司为残疾员工提供住宿。
distinct [dɪˈstɪŋkt] adj. 明显的；不同的
- The two species of birds have distinct markings.
- 这两种鸟类有明显的标记不同。
distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] v. 区分；辨别
- It can be difficult to distinguish between real and fake news these days.
- 现在很难区分真假新闻。
dive v., [daɪv] n. 潜水；跳水；v. 跳水；潜水；n. 跳水
- He loves to dive off the high diving board.
- 他喜欢从高空跳水板跳水。
diverse [daɪˈvɜrs] adj. 多样的；不同的
- The city is known for its diverse population and cultures.
- 这个城市以其多样化的人口和文化而闻名。
diversity [daɪˈvɜrsəti] n. 多样性；差异
- The company values diversity and strives to create an inclusive workplace.
- 该公司重视多样性，努力创造一个包容性的工作场所。
dominant [ˈdɑːmənənt] adj. 占优势的；支配的 (dominate v. 主宰, 主导)
- The dominant team won the championship for the third year in a row.
- 占优势的球队连续三年获得了冠军。
drought [draʊt] n. 干旱；旱灾
- The drought has caused a severe shortage of water in the region.
- 干旱导致该地区水资源严重短缺。
dull [dʌl] adj. 沉闷的；乏味的
- The lecture was so dull that I fell asleep halfway through.
- 那场讲座太乏味了，我半途就睡着了。
dump [dʌmp] v. 倾倒；丢弃
- He decided to dump his old furniture and buy new ones.
- 他决定抛弃旧家具，买新的。

efgh

eager [ˈiːɡər] adj. 渴望的，热切的
- She was eager to start her new job.
- 她迫不及待地想开始她的新工作。
economics [ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪks] n. 经济学
- He studied economics in college.
- 他在大学里学习了经济学。
economist [ɪˈkɑːnəmɪst] n. 经济学家
- The economist predicted a recession.
- 经济学家预测经济会衰退。
editorial [ˌedɪˈtɔːriəl] adj. 社论的，编辑的
- The newspaper published an editorial about the new tax law.
- 报纸发表了一篇关于新税法的社论。
efficiently [ɪˈfɪʃəntli] adv. 高效地
- The new system is designed to work more efficiently.
- 新系统旨在更高效地工作。
elbow [ˈelboʊ] n. 肘部
- I accidentally bumped my elbow on the table.
- 我不小心碰到了桌子的肘部。
electronics [ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪks] n. 电子学
- He has a degree in electronics.
- 他有一份电子学学位。
elegant [ˈelɪɡənt] adj. 优美的，高雅的
- The bride looked elegant in her wedding dress.
- 新娘穿着婚纱，显得非常优美。
elementary [ˌelɪˈmentəri] adj. 基本的，初级的
- This book is written for elementary school children.
- 这本书是为小学生写的。
eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] v. 消除，排除
- We need to eliminate all the possible causes of the problem.
- 我们需要排除所有可能导致问题的原因。
embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs] v. 拥抱，接受
- She embraced the new idea with enthusiasm.
- 她充满热情地接受了这个新想法。
emission [ɪˈmɪʃən] n. 排放物，散发, 射精, 遗精
- The factory was fined for excessive emissions of pollutants.
- 工厂因过度排放污染物而被罚款。
emotionally [ɪˈmoʊʃənəli] adv. 情感上，感情上
- She reacted emotionally to the news of her friend’s death.
- 她对朋友去世的消息情绪激动。
empire [ˈempaɪr] n. 帝国
- The Roman Empire was one of the largest empires in history.
- 罗马帝国是历史上最大的帝国之一。
enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl] adj. 令人愉快的
- The vacation was very enjoyable.
- 度假非常愉快。
entertaining [ˌentərˈteɪnɪŋ] adj. 有趣的，娱乐的
- The movie was very entertaining.
- 这部电影非常有趣。
entrepreneur [ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr] n. 企业家
- He started his own business and became a successful entrepreneur.
- 他开创自己的事业，成为了一位成功的企业家。
envelope [ˈenvəloʊp] n. 信封
- She put the letter in the envelope and sealed it.
- 她把信放进信封里并封好了口。
equip [ɪˈkwɪp] v. 装备，配备
- The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.
- 士兵们配备了最新的武器。
equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt] n., adj. 相等的，等价的
- The two statements are roughly equivalent in meaning.
- 这两个陈述在意义上大致相等。
era [ˈerə] n. 时代，纪元
- The Renaissance was a significant era in European history.
- 文艺复兴是欧洲历史上一个重要的时代。
erupt [ɪˈrʌpt] v. 爆发，喷发
- The volcano erupted and covered the town with ash.
- 火山爆发并覆盖了城镇的灰烬。
essentially [ɪˈsenʃəli] adv. 本质上，基本上
- The problem is essentially a lack of communication.
- 问题本质上是缺乏沟通。
ethic [ˈeθɪk] n. 道德规范，伦理道德 (ethical [ˈeθɪkəl] adj. 通常指与特定职业、行业或社会规范相关的道德准则)
- The company has a strict code of ethics.
- 这家公司有严格的道德准则。
ethnic [ˈeθnɪk] adj. 种族的，民族的
- The neighborhood has a diverse ethnic population.
- 这个社区有着多元化的民族人口。
evaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən] n. 评估，评价
- The evaluation of the project was very positive.
- 对这个项目的评估非常积极。
evident [ˈevɪdənt] adj. 明显的，显然的
- It was evident that he was angry.
- 很明显他很生气。
evolution [ˌiːvəˈluːʃən] n. 进化，演变
- The evolution of the human species is a fascinating topic.
- 人类物种的演化是一个引人入胜的话题。
evolve [ɪˈvɑːlv] v. 发展，进化
- The company needs to evolve in order to stay competitive.
- 公司需要发展才能保持竞争力。
exceed [ɪkˈsiːd] v. 超过，超出
- The cost of the project exceeded the budget.
- 这个项目的费用超出了预算。
exception [ɪkˈsepʃən] n. 例外，异常
- She’s a great employee, but she’s the exception rather than the rule.
- 她是一名优秀的员工，但她是例外而不是常规。
excessive [ɪkˈsesɪv] adj. 过度的，过分的 (excess, n. 超过，过量；越轨行为, adj. 过多的，超额的；额外的，附加的)
- The teacher thought the punishment was excessive.
- 老师认为惩罚过分了。
exclude [ɪkˈskluːd] v. 排除，拒绝
- He was excluded from the team because of his bad behavior.
- 他因为行为不良被排除在团队之外。
exotic [ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk] adj. 异国情调的，奇异的
- The restaurant serves exotic dishes from around the world.
- 这家餐厅供应来自世界各地的异国情调的菜肴。
expansion [ɪkˈspænʃən] n. 扩张，扩大
- The company is planning an expansion of its operations into Asia.
- 公司计划将业务扩展到亚洲。
expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃən] n. 远征，探险
- The expedition to the South Pole was a dangerous undertaking.
- 南极探险是一项危险的事业。
expertise[ˌekspərˈtiːz] n. 专业知识，专长 (expert)
- She has a lot of expertise in the field of genetics.
- 她在遗传学领域有很多专业知识。
exploit [ɪkˈsplɔɪt] v. 利用，剥削
- The company was accused of exploiting its workers for cheap labor.
- 这家公司被指控剥削工人以获取廉价劳动力。
exposure [ɪkˈspoʊʒər] n. 暴露，接触
- Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin damage.
- 长时间暴露在阳光下会导致皮肤损伤。
extension [ɪkˈstenʃən] n. 扩展，延伸
- The construction of the new building required an extension of the existing road.
- 新建筑的建设需要延伸现有的道路。
extensive [ɪkˈstensɪv] adj. 广泛的，广阔的
- The company has an extensive network of suppliers around the world.
- 这家公司在全球拥有广泛的供应商网络。
extensively [ɪkˈstensɪvli] adv. 广泛地，大量地
- The book covers extensively the history of the region.
- 这本书广泛地涵盖了该地区的历史。
extract [ˈɪkstrækt] v. 提取, n. 提取物，浓缩物
- The extract from the plant is used in traditional medicine.
- 该植物的提取物被用于传统医学。
fabulous [ˈfæbjələs] adj. 极好的，极为出色的
- The restaurant serves fabulous food that is known throughout the city.
- 这家餐厅提供极好的食物，是整个城市所知道的。
faculty [ˈfækəlti] n.能力，才能, <美>教职工
- - She has a faculty for languages and speaks five fluently.
- 她有语言才能，能够流利地说五种语言。
fare [fer] n. 交通费用；乘客；饭菜；常见的东西；供大众使用的东西（尤指娱乐活动）v. 进展，表现；<古> 发生，结果
- The fare or a round-trip ticket is cheaper than buying two one-way tickets.
- 往返票的费用比购买两张单程票要便宜。
firefighter [ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtər] n. 消防员
- The firefighters rushed into the burning building to rescue the people trapped inside.
- 消防员冲进着火的建筑物，营救被困在里面的人。
firm [fɜrm] adj. 坚定的，牢固的; n. 公司, 商行, v. 使强壮 adv. 坚定地
- The decision was made with the firm belief that it was the right thing to do.
- 这个决定是基于坚定的信念做出的，认为这是正确的做法。
firmly [ˈfɜrmli] adv. 坚定地，稳固地
- She held onto the railing firmly as she climbed the stairs.
- 她在爬楼梯时牢牢地抓着栏杆。
fond [fɑnd] adj. 喜爱的，爱好的, 愉悦的；慈爱的，深情的；天真的 (font 字体)
- She has always been fond of animals and has several pets at home.
- 她一直喜欢动物，在家里养了几只宠物。
forecast [ˈfɔrkæst] n., v. 预测，预报
- The weather forecast predicts rain for the next three days.
- 天气预报预测接下来三天会下雨。
formation [fɔrˈmeɪʃən] n. 形成，构成, 产生；编队，队形；
- The formation of the new company was announced at the press conference.
- 新公司的组建在新闻发布会上宣布。
formerly [ˈfɔrmərli] adv. 以前，从前 (formel adj. 旧时的；以前的，前……；（两者中）前者的)
- The company was formerly known as ABC Corporation.
- 这家公司以前被称为ABC公司。
forum [ˈfɔrəm] n.forum [ˈfɔrəm] n. 论坛，讨论会
- The forum provided an opportunity for people to discuss important issues facing the community.
- 这个论坛为人们提供了一个讨论社区面临的重要问题的机会。
fossil [ˈfɑsl] n. 化石
- The museum has an extensive collection of fossils from different periods of history.
- 博物馆有来自不同历史时期的大量化石藏品。
foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃən] n. 基础，基金会
- The foundation provides funding for research in the field of medicine.
- 这个基金会为医学领域的研究提供资金支持。
founder [ˈfaʊndər] n. 创始人
- The founder of the company started the business in his garage.
- 这家公司的创始人在他的车库里创办了这个企业。
fraction [ˈfrækʃən] n. 分数，碎片
- A fraction of the population controls the majority of the wealth.
- 少数人掌控着大部分的财富。
fraud [frɔd] n. 欺诈，骗局
- The company was investigated for fraud after it was discovered that they had been falsifying their financial statements.
- 这家公司因被发现虚构财务报表而被调查涉嫌欺诈。
fulfill [fʊlˈfɪl] v. 履行，实现
- The company strives to fulfill its commitment to providing high-quality products and services.
- 这家公司努力履行其提供高质量产品和服务的承诺。
fundamentally [ˌfʌndəˈmentəli] adv. 基本地，根本地
- The problem is fundamentally a lack of communication between the two departments.
- 这个问题根本上是两个部门之间缺乏沟通。
furious [ˈfjʊriəs] adj. 愤怒的，狂怒的
- She was furious when she found out that her laptop had been stolen.
- 当她发现自己的笔记本电脑被盗时，她非常愤怒。
gallon [ˈɡælən] n. 加仑
- The car’s gas tank can hold up to 15 gallons of fuel.
- 这辆汽车的油箱最多可以装15加仑的燃料。
gaming [ˈɡeɪmɪŋ] n. 游戏，赌博
- Online gaming has become increasingly popular in recent years.
- 近年来，网上游戏越来越受欢迎。
gender [ˈdʒendər] n. 性别
- The company is committed to promoting diversity and inclusivity, regardless of gender or race.
- 这家公司致力于促进多样性和包容性，无论性别或种族如何。
gene [dʒin] n. 基因
- The scientists discovered a new gene that is responsible for a rare genetic disorder.
- 科学家们发现了一种新基因，它负责一种罕见的遗传疾病。
genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] adj. 遗传的，基因的
- The disease is caused by a genetic mutation that is passed down from parent to child.
- 这种疾病是由一种遗传突变引起的，从父母传给子女。
genuine [ˈdʒenjuɪn] adj. 真正的，真诚的
- She has a genuine interest in helping others and volunteers at a local charity.
- 她真正地关心帮助他人，并在当地慈善机构做志愿者
genuinely [ˈdʒenjuɪnli] adv. 真诚地，真正地
- She genuinely cares about the well-being of her employees and always listens to their concerns.
- 真诚地关心员工的福利，并总是倾听他们的关切。
goodness [ˈɡʊdnɪs] n. 善良，美德
- The goodness of humanity can be seen in the way people come together to help each other during times of crisis.
- 性的善良可以从人们在危机时期团结互助的方式中看到。
graphic [ˈɡræfɪk] adj. 图像的，生动的 (graph n. 图表，曲线图；坐标图；代表声音单位（或其他言语特征）的书写符号 v. 用图表表示)
- The graphic novel uses vivid illustrations to tell its story.
- 本图像小说使用生动的插图来讲述它的故事。)
graphics [ˈɡræfɪks] n. 图形，制图术
- The graphics in this video game are incredibly realistic.
- 个视频游戏中的图形非常逼真。
greatly [ˈɡreɪtli] adv. 大大地，非常地
- The new policy has greatly improved the company’s bottom line.
- 政策大大改善了公司的底线。
greenhouse [ˈɡrinhaʊs] n. 温室，暖房
- The greenhouse is full of plants that require a warm andhumid environment to grow.
- 室里种满了需要温暖潮湿环境生长的植物。) 境生长的植物
habitat [ˈhæbɪtæt] n. 栖息地，生存环境
- The destruction of natural habitats is a major threat to many species of animals.
- 然栖息地的破坏是许多动物物种面临的主要威胁
harbor [ˈhɑrbər] n. 港口，避难所
- The harbor was filled with boats of all sizes and shapes.
- 口里停满了大小形状各异的船只。
headquarters [ˌhedˈkwɔrtərz] n. 总部，总公司(headquarters是head和quarter的组合词，head表示头，quarter表示季节，headquarter就是四季的头一个季节，春天。一年之计在于春，万物始于春，所以headquarter可以表示最重要的意思，延伸为总部)
- The company’s headquarters are located in New York City.
- 司的总部位于纽约市。
hence [hens] adv. 因此，所以 (hence 和 therefore 都是连接副词，表因果关系，均可接句子，但hence后可直接接名词，但therefore不可以，)
- The weather is supposed to be bad tomorrow, hence we should plan to stay indoors.
- 天天气预计会不好，因此我们应该计划呆在室内。) 不好，因此我们应该计划呆在室内
herb [hɜrb] n. 草本植物，药草
- Sage is a commonly used herb in cooking.
- 尾草是常用的烹饪草药。
historian [hɪˈstɔriən] n. 历史学家
- The historian spent years researching and writing about the life of Abraham Lincoln.
- 位历史学家花了多年时间研究和写作亚伯拉罕·林肯的生平。
hypothesis [haɪˈpɑθəsɪs] n. 假设，假说
- The scientist’s hypothesis about the origin of the universe has yet to be proven.
- 位科学家关于宇宙起源的假设尚未被证明。) 设尚未被证明

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illusion [ɪˈluʒən] n. 幻觉，错觉
- The magic trick created the illusion that the rabbit had disappeared.
- 术把兔子变没了，制造了幻觉。
implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 含义，暗示
- The implication of his words was that he didn’t trust her.
- 话里的含义是他不信任她。
incentive [ɪnˈsentɪv] n. 刺激，鼓励
- The promise of a bonus served as an incentive for the employees to work harder.
- 金的承诺激励着员工更加努力地工作。)
incorporate [ɪnˈkɔrpəreɪt] v. 合并，包含
- The new design incorporates feedback from customers to improve user experience.
- 设计融合了顾客的反馈，以改善用户体验。) 用户体验
indication [ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 迹象，指示
- The dark clouds were an indication that a storm was approaching.
- 云是暴风雨即将来临的迹象。
inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl] adj. 不可避免的
- It was inevitable that there would be some resistance to the new policy.
- 政策会遭到一些抵抗是不可避免的。)
inevitably [ɪnˈevɪtəbli] adv. 不可避免地
- If we keep polluting the environment, the consequences will inevitably be disastrous.
- 果我们继续污染环境，后果不可避免地会是灾难性的。)
infer [ɪnˈfɜr] v. 推断，推论
- From her tone of voice, I could infer that she was not happy with the situation.
- 她的语气中，我能够推断出她对这种情况并不满意。) 我能够推断出她对这种情况并不满意
inflation [ɪnˈfleɪʃən] n. 通货膨胀
- Inflation can erode the value of savings over time.
- 货膨胀会随着时间的推移侵蚀储蓄的价值。
inhabitant [ɪnˈhæbɪtənt] n. 居民，住户
- The city has a population of over 2 million inhabitants.
- 城市有超过200万居民。
innovation [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən] n. 创新
- The company prides itself on its commitment to innovation and new ideas.
- 公司以致力于创新和新思维而自豪。)
innovative [ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv] adj. 创新的
- The company’s innovative approach to marketing has helped it stand out in the industry.
- 公司创新的营销方式帮助它在行业中脱颖而出。) 创新的营销方式帮助它在行业中脱颖而出
inspector [ɪnˈspektər] n. 检查员，监察员
- The inspector checked the quality of the products before they were shipped out.
- 查员在产品出货之前检查产品的质量。)
integrate [ˈɪntəˌɡreɪt] v. 整合，融合
- The new system is designed to integrate all of our data into a single platform.
- 系统旨在将我们所有的数据整合到一个平台上。) 数据整合到一个平台上
intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl] adj. 知识分子的，智力的
- The university attracts many intellectual students from around the world.
- 所大学吸引了来自世界各地的许多知识分子学生。) 多知识分子学生
interact [ˌɪntərˈækt] v. 互动，交流
- The new software allows users to interact with each other in real time.
- 软件允许用户实时互动。
interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃən] n. 互动，交流
- The interaction between the two characters in the movie was intense and emotional.
- 影中两个角色之间的互动非常紧张和情感化。) 动非常紧张和情感化
interpretation [ɪnˌtɜrprɪˈteɪʃən] n. 解释，说明
- The interpretation of the data was complex and required careful analysis.
- 据的解释很复杂，需要仔细分析。)
investor [ɪnˈvestər] n. 投资者
- The company attracted many investors with its promising business plan.
- 公司凭借有前途的商业计划吸引了许多投资者。) 者
isolate [ˈaɪsəˌleɪt] v. 孤立，隔离
- The patient was isolated to prevent the spread of the disease.
- 了防止疾病传播，病人被隔离了。
isolated [ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd] adj. 孤立的，隔离的
- The small town was isolated from the rest of the world by the mountains.
- 个小镇被山脉隔离于世界其他地方。)
jet [dʒet] n. 喷气式飞机，喷射器
- The new jet can travel at speeds of up to 600 miles per hour.
- 的喷气式飞机可以以高达每小时600英里的速度飞行。)
joint [dʒɔɪnt] adj. 共同的，联合的；n. 关节，接头处
- The two companies formed a joint venture to develop a new product.
- 两个公司组成了一家合资企业来开发新产品。
journalism [ˈdʒɜrnəlɪzəm] n. 新闻业，新闻工作
- The field of journalism has changed dramatically with the rise of digital media.
- 随着数字媒体的兴起，新闻业已经发生了巨大的变化。）体的兴起，新闻业已经发生了巨大的变化
jury [ˈdʒʊri] n. 陪审团
- The jury deliberated for several hours before reaching a verdict.
- 陪审团经过数小时的审议后才达成了裁决。
kindergarten [ˈkɪndərˌɡɑrtən] n. 幼儿园
- The children played together in the kindergarten playground.
- 孩子们在幼儿园操场上一起玩耍
ladder [ˈlædər]n. 梯子
- The worker climbed up the ladder to reach the high shelves.
- 工人爬上梯子到达高处的货架
lane [leɪn] n. 小路，车道
- The bike lane is marked by a white line on the side of the road.
- 自行车道是在路边标有一条白线的
lately [ˈleɪtli] adv. 最近，近来
- I haven’t seen him lately, but I heard he got a new job.
- 我最近没见过他，但听说他找到了一份新工作。
lens [lenz] n. 镜头，透镜
- The camera lens was cracked, so the photos came out blurry.
- 相机镜头破裂了，所以拍出来的照片模糊不清。
likewise [ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz] adv. 同样地，也一样地
- She speaks English fluently, and likewise, she is fluent in French.
- 她英语说得很流利，同样地，她也能够流利地说法语。）利地说法语
limitation [ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən] n. 限制，局限
- The main limitation of the study was the small sample size.
- 该研究的主要局限是样本规模较小
literally [ˈlɪtərəli] adv. 确实地，逐字地
- He took the idiom “break a leg” literally and ended up injuring himself on stage.
- 他把俗语“祝你好运”逐字理解，结果在舞台上受伤了。）“祝你好运”逐字理解，结果在舞台上受伤了
literary [ˈlɪtəreri] adj. 文学的，文艺的
- The literary magazine features poetry, short stories, and essays.
- 这本文学杂志刊登诗歌、短篇小说和散文。
litter [ˈlɪtər] n. 垃圾，废弃物
- The beach was littered with plastic bottles and other debris.
- 海滩上到处都是塑料瓶和其他垃圾

mn

makeup [ˈmeɪkʌp] n. 化妆品，组成部分
- She always wears makeup to work to look more professional.
- 她总是化妆上班，以显得更专业
making [ˈmeɪkɪŋ] n. 制作，制造
- The making of this movie took three years and cost millions of dollars.
- 这部电影的制作花费了三年时间和数百万美元。
manufacture [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃər] v. 制造，生产
- The company manufactures cars in several countries around the world.
- 该公司在世界多个国家生产汽车
manufacturing [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ] n. 制造业，制造业的
- The manufacturing sector has been hit hard by the recent economic downturn.
- 制造业在最近的经济下滑中受到了重创。
marathon [ˈmærəˌθɑn] n. 马拉松
- He trained for months to prepare for the marathon.
- 他训练了数月以准备马拉松比赛
margin [ˈmɑrdʒən] n. 边缘，余地
- The company operates on a narrow margin of profit.
- 该公司的利润空间很小
marker [ˈmɑrkər] n. 标记笔，记号器
- She used a marker to highlight the important parts of the document.
- 她使用标记笔突出了文件的重要部分。
martial [ˈmɑrʃəl] adj. 军事的，战争的
- The martial music played as the soldiers marched in formation.
- 士兵们列队行进时奏着军乐
mate [meɪt] n., v. 配偶；交配，配对
- My dog needs to find a mate so we can breed her.
- 我的狗需要找到一个配偶，这样我们才能让她繁殖。
mechanic [məˈkænɪk] n. 技工，机修工
- The mechanic fixed my car’s engine and now it runs smoothly.
- 技工修好了我的汽车引擎，现在它跑得很顺畅。
mechanical [məˈkænɪkəl] adj. 机械的，机械学的
- The mechanical engineering department at the university is very prestigious.
- 大学的机械工程系非常有声望。
mechanism [ˈmekəˌnɪzəm] n. 机制，机械装置
- The mechanism for opening the door was broken, so we had to use the windowto get inside.
- 打开门的机制坏了，所以我们只能从窗户进去。）的机制坏了，所以我们只能从窗户进去
medal [ˈmedəl] n. 奖牌，奖章
- She won a gold medal in the Olympic Games for swimming.
- 她在奥运会游泳比赛中获得了金牌
medication [ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 药物，药物治疗
- The doctor prescribed medication to treat her high blood pressure.
- 医生开了药治疗她的高血压
memorable [ˈmemərəbl] adj. 值得纪念的，难忘的
- Our trip to Paris was a memorable experience that we will never forget.
- 我们去巴黎的旅行是一次难以忘怀的经历。
metaphor [ˈmetəˌfɔr] n. 隐喻，比喻
- The poet used a metaphor to describe the sunset as a blazing fire.
- 诗人用比喻来描述落日如熊熊燃烧的火焰。
miserable [ˈmɪzərəbl] adj. 悲惨的，痛苦的
- The refugees were living in miserable conditions in the overcrowded camp.
- 难民们在过度拥挤的营地里过着悲惨的生活。
modest [ˈmɑdəst] adj. 谦虚的，适度的
- She was a modest person who never bragged about her accomplishments.
- 她是一个谦虚的人，从不吹嘘自己的成就。
monument [ˈmɑnjəmənt] n. 纪念碑，纪念馆
- The monument was built to commemorate the soldiers who died in battle.
- 这座纪念碑是为了纪念在战斗中牺牲的士兵而建的。）而建的
moreover [mɔrˈoʊvər] adv. 此外，而且
- The concert tickets were expensive, and moreover, they were sold out.
- 音乐会门票很贵，而且已经售罄了。
mortgage [ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ] n. 抵押贷款
- They took out a mortgage to buy their first house.
- 他们通过抵押贷款购买了他们的第一套房子
mosque [mɑsk] n. 清真寺
- The mosque was built in the traditional Islamic style with beautiful geometric patterns.
- 座清真寺采用传统的伊斯兰风格建造，有美丽的几何图案。
motivate [ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt] v. 激励，激发
- The coach’s speech motivated the team to work harder and win the championship.
- 练的演讲激励球队更加努力地工作，赢得了冠军。) 努力地工作，赢得了冠军
motivation [ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən] n. 动机，动力
- Her motivation for studying hard was to get into a good university.
- 刻苦学习的动机是为了能够进入一所好的大学。)
moving [ˈmuvɪŋ] adj. 动人的，感人的
- The movie was so moving that many people were in tears by the end.
- 部电影非常感人，到最后很多人都哭了。)
myth [mɪθ] n. 神话，虚构的故事
- The story of the Loch Ness Monster is a famous myth from Scotland.
- 斯湖水怪的故事是苏格兰著名的神话。)
nasty [ˈnæsti] adj. 令人不快的，讨厌的
- The food at the restaurant was so nasty that we couldn’t finish it.
- 厅的食物非常讨厌，我们吃不完。
necessity [nəˈsesəti] n. 必需品，必要性
- Water is a necessity for human life.
- 是人类生活的必需品。
neutral [ˈnutrəl] adj. 中立的，中性的
- The journalist tried to report the news in a neutral and unbiased way.
- 者试图以中立和公正的方式报道新闻。)
newly [ˈnuli] adv. 新近，最近
- The company has newly implemented a policy of flexible working hours.
- 司最近实施了弹性工作时间的政策。)
nickel [ˈnɪkl] n. 镍币，镍元
- The vending machine only accepts coins, including nickels and dimes.
- 动售货机只接受硬币，包括镍币和一毛硬币。)
norm [nɔrm] n. 标准，规范
- The norm for professional dress at the office is a suit and tie.
- 公室职业着装的标准是西装和领带。
novelist [ˈnɑvəlɪst] n.小说家
- J.K. Rowling is a famous novelist who wrote the Harry Potter series.
- J.K.罗琳是一位著名的小说家，她写了《哈利·波特》系列。
nowadays [ˈnaʊədeɪz] adv.现今，现在
- Nowadays, people rely heavily on technology for communication and information.
- 现今，人们在通讯和信息方面非常依赖技术。
nursing [ˈnɜrsɪŋ] adj.护理的
- The nursing staff at the hospital took good care of the patients.
- 医院的护理人员照顾病人非常好。
nutrition [nuˈtrɪʃən] n.营养
- Good nutrition is essential for a healthy body and mind.
- 良好的营养对于健康的身体和心灵至关重要。

opqr

obesity [oʊˈbisəti] n.肥胖症
- Obesity is a major health problem in many countries.
- 肥胖症是许多国家面临的主要健康问题。
occupation [ˌɑkjuˈpeɪʃən] n.职业，占领
- My occupation is a teacher, and I have been teaching for 10 years.
- 我的职业是教师，我已经教了10年。
offender [əˈfendər] n.罪犯
- The offender was sentenced to 10 years in prison for his crime.
- 罪犯因犯罪被判处10年监禁。
ongoing [ˈɑnˌgoʊɪŋ] adj.正在进行的，持续存在的
- The ongoing pandemic has affected peopleall over the world.
- 正在进行的疫情已经影响了全世界的人。
openly [ˈoʊpənli] adv.公开地
- She openly expressed her opinions during the meeting.
- 她在会议上公开表达了自己的意见。
opera [ˈɑprə] n.歌剧
- The opera was a beautiful performance with amazing singing and acting.
- 这场歌剧是一场美丽的演出，唱功和表演都很惊人。
operator [ˈɑpəˌreɪtər] n.操作者，运营商
- The operator of the machine was trained to use it safely and efficiently.
- 这个机器的操作员接受了安全和高效使用的培训。
optimistic [ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪk] adj.乐观的
- Despite the challenges, she remained optimistic about the future.
- 尽管面临挑战，她仍然对未来保持乐观。
orchestra [ˈɔrkəstrə] n.管弦乐队
- The orchestra played beautifully during the concert.
- 管弦乐队在音乐会上演奏得非常出色。
organic [ɔrˈɡænɪk] adj.有机的
- She prefers to buy organic food because it is healthier and more environmentally friendly.
- 她喜欢购买有机食品，因为它更健康、更环保。
outfit [ˈaʊtfɪt] n.配备，装备，服装
- He wore a new outfit to the party and received many compliments.
- 他穿了一套新的服装去参加聚会，收到了很多赞美。
overcome [ˌoʊvərˈkʌm] v.克服，战胜
- With determination and hard work, she was able to overcome the challenges and achieve her goals.
- 凭借决心和努力，她能够克服挑战并实现自己的目标。
overnight [ˌoʊvərˈnaɪt] adv.一夜之间，突然地
- The company’s success didn’t happen overnight; it took years of hard work and dedication.
- 公司的成功不是一夜之间发生的，它需要多年的辛勤工作和专注。
ownership [ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp] n.所有权
- He transferred ownership of the house to his children before he passed away.
- 他在去世之前将房屋的所有权转移给了他的孩子。
parade [pəˈreɪd] n.游行，阅兵
- The annual Thanksgiving parade is a popular event in the city.
- 每年的感恩节游行是城市中受欢迎的活动。
partnership [ˈpɑrtnərʃɪp] n.合伙，合作关系
- The two companies formed a partnership to develop a new product.
- 这两家公司建立了合作关系，共同开发一款新产品。
penalty [ˈpenlti] n.惩罚，罚款
- Speeding drivers may receive a penalty of a fine or points on their license.
- 超速驾驶者可能会受到罚款或扣分的处罚。
perceive [pərˈsiv] v.察觉，感知
- The child could perceive the warmth of the sun on his face.
- 孩子能够感知阳光的温暖照在他的脸上。
perception [pərˈsepʃən] n.认知，感知
- Your perception of the situation may be different from mine.
- 你对这种情况的认知可能与我的不同。
permanently [ˈpɜrmənəntli] adv.永久地
- He decided to permanently move to the countryside and leave the city behind.
- 他决定永久地搬到乡下，离开城市。
pharmacy [ˈfɑrməsi] n.药店，配药业
- She went to the pharmacy to pick up her prescription medication.
- 她去药店取她的处方药。
placement [ˈpleɪsmənt] n.安置，放置
- The placement of the furniture in the room was carefully planned.
- 房间里家具的安置是经过精心规划的。
portion [ˈpɔrʃən] n.部分，份额
- She ate a small portion of the cake to avoid overeating.
- 她吃了一小部分蛋糕，以避免过度饮食。
precede [prɪˈsid] v.先于，领先
- The opening ceremony will precede the start of the competition.
- 开幕式将先于比赛的开始。
preference [ˈprefərəns] n.偏好，喜好
- My preference for coffee over tea is well-known among my friends.
- 对于咖啡而言，我比茶更偏好，这在我的朋友中是众所周知的。
presidential [ˌprezɪˈdenʃl] adj.总统的，总统制的
- The presidential election will be held next year.
- 总统选举将于明年举行。
primarily [praɪˈmerəli] adv.主要地，首先
- The company is primarily focused on developing new technologies.
- 该公司的主要关注点是开发新技术。
prior [ˈpraɪər] adj.先前的，在前的
- You need to make a reservation prior to your arrival.
- 你需要在到达前进行预订。
proceed [prəˈsid] v.继续进行，前进
- The meeting will proceed as scheduled.
- 会议将按计划进行。
progressive [prəˈɡresɪv] adj.渐进的，进步的
- The company has a progressive approach to employee training and development.
- 该公司在员工培训和发展方面采取了渐进的方法。
prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] v.禁止，阻止
- Smoking is prohibited in public places in many countries.
- 在许多国家，公共场所禁止吸烟。
promising [ˈprɑməsɪŋ] adj.有希望的，有前途的
- The new employee showed promising skills during the training period.
- 新员工在培训期间展现出有前途的技能。
prompt [prɑmpt] v.促使，激励
- The coach prompted the team to work harder and never give up.
- 教练激励队伍更加努力工作，永不放弃。
proportion [prəˈpɔrʃən] n.比例，部分
- The proportion of men to women in the company is almost equal.
- 公司男女比例几乎相等。
protester [prəˈtestər] n.抗议者，示威者
- The protesters gathered outside the government building to demand change.
- 抗议者在政府大楼外集结，要求改变。
publicity [pʌblɪˈsɪti] n.宣传，广告
- The new movie received a lot of publicity before its release.
- 这部新电影在发布前得到了很多宣传。
publishing [ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ] n.出版业，出版
- She works in the publishing industry as an editor.
- 她在出版业工作，是一名编辑。
punk [pʌŋk] n.朋克摇滚乐，朋克分子
- The punk band played a show at the local club.
- 朋克乐队在当地俱乐部演出。
purely [ˈpjʊrli] adv.纯粹地，完全地
- I took the job purely for the money.
- 我接受这份工作完全是为了钱。
pursuit [pərˈsut] n.追求，寻求
- His pursuit of happiness led him to travel around the world.
- 他对幸福的追求使他周游世界。
puzzle [ˈpʌzl] n.难题，谜题
- The crossword puzzle in the newspaper is challenging.
- 报纸上的填字游戏很有挑战性。
questionnaire [ˌkwesʧənˈer] n.问卷，调查表
- The company sent out a questionnaire to gather feedback from customers.
- 该公司发出了一份问卷，以收集客户的反馈。
racial [ˈreʃl] adj.种族的，人种的
- The country has struggled with issues of racial inequality for decades.
- 这个国家几十年来一直在为种族不平等问题而奋斗。
radiation [ˌreɪdiˈeʃən] n.辐射，放射线
- Exposure to high levels of radiation can be harmful to your health.
- 暴露在高水平辐射下会对健康产生危害。
rail [reɪl] n.铁轨，栏杆
- The train runs on the rail and stops at the station.
- 火车在铁轨上行驶，并停在车站。
rating [ˈreɪtɪŋ] n.评级，等级
- The movie received a high rating from the critics.
- 这部电影受到评论家的高度评价。
recession [rɪˈseʃən] n.经济衰退，不景气
- The economy is in a recession due to the pandemic.
- 由于疫情，经济陷入了衰退。
reckon [ˈrekən] v.认为，估计
- I reckon we’ll need about an hour to finish the project.
- 我估计我们需要一个小时来完成这个项目。
referee [ˌrefəˈri] n.裁判，仲裁人
- The referee made a controversial call during the game.
- 裁判在比赛中做出了有争议的判决。
refugee [ˌrefjʊˈdʒi] n.难民，流亡者
- The country granted asylum to many refugees fleeing from war-torn regions.
- 该国为许多逃离战乱地区的难民提供庇护。
regulate [ˈreɡjəˌleɪt] v.调节，规范
- The government needs to regulate the use of natural resources.
- 政府需要规范自然资源的使用。
reinforce [ˌriːɪnˈfɔrs] v.加强，增强
- The company hired more staff to reinforce its customer service department.
- 该公司雇用更多的员工来加强其客户服务部门。
relieve [rɪˈliv] v.解除，缓解
- The medicine helped to relieve her pain.
- 这种药物有助于缓解她的疼痛。
relieved [rɪˈlived] adj.宽慰的，松了口气的
- She was relieved to hear that her flight had been delayed.
- 她听到航班延误的消息后松了一口气。
remarkable [rɪˈmɑrkəbl] adj.非凡的，卓越的
- The athlete’s performance was remarkable and broke the world record.
- 这位运动员的表现非常卓越，打破了世界纪录。
remarkably [rɪˈmɑrkəbli] adv.显著地，非常地
- The team performed remarkably well and won the championship.
- 这个团队表现非常出色，赢得了冠军。
rental [ˈrentl] n.租赁，出租
- The rental fee for the apartment is quite high.
- 这套公寓的租金相当高。
reporting [rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ] n.报道，报告
- The journalist is responsible for reporting the news accurately.
- 这位记者负责准确报道新闻。
resign [rɪˈzaɪn] v.辞职，放弃
- She decided to resign from her job to pursue a new opportunity.
- 她决定辞去工作，追求新的机会。
resolution [ˌrezəˈluʃən] n.决定，决议
- The company made a resolution to reduce its carbon footprint.
- 该公司做出了减少碳排放的决定。
résumé [ˈrezjʊmeɪ] n.简历，履历
- He sent his résumé to several companies in search of a job.
- 他向几家公司投递了简历，寻求工作。
retail [ˈriteɪl] n.零售，零售业
- The retail sector has been impacted by the pandemic.
- 零售业受到了疫情的影响。
revenue [ˈrevənu] n.收入，财政收入
- The government relies on tax revenue to fund public services.
- 政府依靠税收收入为公共服务提供资金。
revision [rɪˈvɪʒən] n.修订，修改
- The author made several revisions to the manuscript before publishing it.
- 作者在出版前对手稿进行了几次修改。
rival [ˈraɪvəl] n., adj.对手，竞争的
- The two companiesare fierce rivals in the market.
- 这两家公司在市场上是激烈的竞争对手。

s

scholar [ˈskɑlər] n.学者，奖学金获得者
- The university awarded a scholarship to the top scholar in the program.
- 该大学向该计划的最优秀学者授予了奖学金。
scholarship [ˈskɑlərʃɪp] n.学术研究，奖学金
- The scholarship will cover the cost of tuition and living expenses.
- 奖学金将覆盖学费和生活费用。
scratch [skrætʃ] v., n.搔，抓；划痕，擦伤
- He scratched his arm accidentally while working in the garden.
- 他在花园里工作时不小心擦伤了手臂。
screening [ˈskrinɪŋ] n.筛选，检查
- The hospital conducts regular cancer screenings for patients.
- 医院定期为患者进行癌症筛查。
seeker [ˈsikər] n.寻求者，求职者
- The job seeker submitted her resume to the company’s HR department.
- 求职者将她的简历提交给公司的人力资源部门。
seminar [ˈsemɪnɑr] n.研讨会，讲习班
- The professor will be leading a seminar on gender studies next week.
- 教授下周将主持一场关于性别研究的研讨会。
settler [ˈsetlər] n.移民，殖民者
- The settlers came to the new land in search of a better life.
- 移民来到新的土地上，寻找更好的生活。
severely [sɪˈvɪrli] adv.严重地，严厉地
- The drought has severely impacted the local agriculture industry.
- 干旱严重影响了当地的农业产业。
shore [ʃɔr] n.海岸，岸边
- The children enjoyed playing on the shore and collecting seashells.
- 孩子们喜欢在海岸上玩耍和收集贝壳。
shortage [ˈʃɔrtɪdʒ] n. 短缺，不足
- There is a shortage of medical supplies in some parts of the world.
- 世界上某些地区缺乏医疗用品。
shortly [ˈʃɔrtli] adv. 不久，立刻
- The meeting will begin shortly after everyone arrives.
- 会议将在每个人到达后不久开始。
sibling [ˈsɪblɪŋ] n. 兄弟姐妹
- My sibling and I used to fight a lot when we were kids.
- 我和我的兄弟姐妹在我们还是孩子的时候常常打架。
sidewalk [ˈsaɪdwɔk] n. 人行道
- The children rode their bikes on the sidewalk.
- 孩子们在人行道上骑自行车。
significance [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns] n. 重要性，意义
- The discovery has great significance for medical research.
- 这一发现对医学研究具有重要意义。
skilled [skɪld] adj. 有技能的，熟练的
- The carpenter is skilled at building custom furniture.
- 这位木匠擅长制作定制家具。
so-called [ˈsoʊ kɔld] adj. 所谓的
- The so-called “experts” turned out to be wrong about the outcome.
- 所谓的“专家”结果证明是错的。
sophisticated [səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd] adj. 复杂的，精致的
- The new software is very sophisticated and has many features.
- 新软件非常复杂，具有许多功能。
spare [sper] adj. 备用的，多余的
-Do you have a spare pen I can borrow?
- 你有多余的笔可以借给我吗？
spectacular [spekˈtækjələr] adj. 壮观的，惊人的
- The fireworks display was truly spectacular.
- 烟花表演真的很壮观。
spectator [ˈspekteɪtər] n. 观众，旁观者
- The stadium was filled with thousands of spectators.
- 体育场里挤满了成千上万的观众。
speculate [ˈspekjəleɪt] v. 推测，猜测
- People are speculating about who will win the election.
- 人们正在推测谁会赢得选举。
speculation [ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən] n. 推测，猜测
- There is a lot of speculation about the cause of the accident.
- 关于事故原因有很多猜测。
spice [spaɪs] n. 香料，调味品
- The recipe calls for a variety of spices, including cinnamon and cumin.
- 这个食谱需要各种香料，包括肉桂和孜然。
spite [spaɪt] n. 恶意，怨恨
- She refused to help him out of spite.
- 她出于恶意拒绝帮助他。
spoil [spɔɪl] v. 损坏，破坏
- The rain spoiled our plans for a picnic.
- 雨破坏了我们的野餐计划。
spokesman [ˈspoʊksmən]n. 发言人，代言人
- The company’s spokesman issued a statement regarding the recent controversy.
- 公司的发言人就最近的争议发布了一份声明。
spokesperson [ˈspoʊksˌpɜrsən] n. 发言人，代言人
- The organization appointed a new spokesperson to handle media inquiries.
- 该组织任命了一位新的发言人来处理媒体询问。
spokeswoman [ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən] n. 女发言人，女代言人
- The actress serves as a spokesperson for the charity organization.
- 这位女演员担任慈善组织的女代言人。
sponsorship [ˈspɑnsərʃɪp] n. 赞助，赞助费
- The company provided sponsorship for the charity event.
- 该公司为慈善活动提供了赞助。
stall [stɔl] n. 摊位，货摊
- The farmer set up a stall to sell his produce at the market.
- 这位农民在市场上摆了一个摊位来卖他的农产品。
stance [stæns] n. 立场，态度
- The politician’s stance on the issue was controversial.
- 这位政治家在这个问题上的立场很有争议。
starve [stɑrv] v. 挨饿，饿死
- Many people in the world still starve to death every year.
- 世界上仍有许多人每年因饥饿而死亡。
steadily [ˈstedəli] adv. 稳定地，不断地
- The company has been growing steadily over the past few years.
- 公司在过去几年稳步增长。
stimulate [ˈstɪmjəleɪt] v. 刺激，促进
- Exercise can stimulate the production of endorphins in the brain.
- 运动可以刺激大脑内啡肽的产生。
strengthen [ˈstreŋkθən] v. 加强，巩固
- The government promised to strengthen the country’s economy.
- 政府承诺加强该国的经济。
strictly [ˈstrɪktli] adv. 严格地，严密地
- The rules are strictly enforced in this school.
- 这所学校严格执行规定。
stroke [stroʊk] n. 中风，一击
- He suffereda stroke and was hospitalized.
- 他中风了，被送进了医院。
stunning [ˈstʌnɪŋ] adj. 极好的，惊人的
- The view from the mountaintop was absolutely stunning.
- 山顶的景色非常惊人。
subsequent [ˈsʌbsɪkwənt] adj. 随后的，后来的
- The company released a subsequent statement to clarify their position.
- 该公司发布了一份随后的声明，以澄清他们的立场。
subsequently [ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli] adv. 后来，随后
- He lost his job and subsequently had to sell his house.
- 他失去了工作，随后不得不卖掉他的房子。
suburb [ˈsʌrb] n. 郊区，市郊
- They moved to the suburb to escape the noise and pollution of the city.
- 他们搬到郊区逃离城市的噪音和污染。
sufficient [səˈfɪʃənt] adj. 充足的，足够的
- The instructions were not sufficient to complete the task.
- 说明不足以完成任务。
sufficiently [səˈfɪʃəntli] adv. 充分地，足够地
- She studied sufficiently to pass the exam.
- 她学习得足够以通过考试。
surgeon [ˈsɜrʤən] n. 外科医生，外科专家
- The surgeon performed a successful operation on the patient.
- 外科医生对患者进行了成功的手术。
sustainable [səˈsteɪnəbl] adj. 可持续的，可维持的
- The company aims to develop sustainable business practicesto reduce its environmental impact.
- 该公司旨在开发可持续的商业实践以减少其环境影响。

tuvw

tackle [ˈtækəl] v. 处理，解决
- The government needs to tackle the problem of unemployment.
- 政府需要解决失业问题。
tap [tæp] v. 轻敲，开发，n. 水龙头，开口处
- She tapped her pencil on the desk while thinking.
- 她思考时轻敲着桌子上的铅笔。
- The plumber fixed the leaky tap in the bathroom.
- 管道工修理了浴室里漏水的水龙头。
tendency [ˈtendənsi] n. 倾向，趋势
- There is a tendency for people to work longer hours nowadays.
- 现在人们有加班的倾向。
tension [ˈtenʃən] n. 紧张，张力
- The tension in the room was palpable as they waited for the results.
- 当他们等待结果时，房间里的紧张气氛是明显的。
terminal [ˈtɜrmənəl] n. 航站楼，终点站
- We arrived at the airport and headed to the terminal to catch our flight.
- 我们到达机场，前往航站楼赶飞机。
terms [tɜrmz] n. 条款，条件
- They agreed to the terms of the contract before signing it.
- 他们在签署合同之前同意了合同条款。
territory [ˈterətɔri] n. 领土，领域
- The two countries have been disputing over the territory for years.
- 这两个国家多年来一直在争夺领土。
terror [ˈterər] n. 恐怖，惊恐
- The horror movie was filled with terror and suspense.
- 这部恐怖电影充满了恐怖和悬念。
terrorism [ˈterərɪzəm] n. 恐怖主义
- The government is working to prevent terrorism and protect its citizens.
- 政府正在努力防止恐怖主义并保护其公民。
terrorist [ˈterərɪst] n. 恐怖分子
- The country was attacked by a group of terrorists last year.
- 该国去年遭到一群恐怖分子的袭击。
textbook [ˈtekstbʊk] n. 教科书
- The teacher assigned several chapters from the textbook for homework.
- 老师布置了几章教科书作为家庭作业。
theft [θeft] n. 偷窃，盗窃
- The store owner reported the theft of several valuable items.
- 店主报告了几件贵重物品被盗窃的情况。
therapist [ˈθerəpɪst] n. 治疗师，心理医生
- She sees a therapist once a week to help with her anxiety.
- 她每周看一次治疗师，以帮助她缓解焦虑。
thesis [ˈθisɪs] n. 论文，论题
- She spent months researching and writing her thesis on global warming.
- 她花了几个月的时间研究和写作她的全球变暖论文。
thorough [ˈθɜroʊ] adj. 彻底的，全面的
- He did a thorough job of cleaning the house before the guests arrived.
- 他在客人到来之前彻底地清洁了房子。
thoroughly [ˈθɜroʊli] adv. 彻底地，全面地
- She scrubbed the bathroom thoroughly to get rid of all the dirt and grime.
- 她彻底地清洗浴室，以清除所有的污垢和污渍。
tissue [ˈtɪʃu] n. 组织，纸巾
- She used a tissue to wipe her nose when she had a cold.
- 她感冒时用纸巾擦鼻子。
tournament [ˈtʊrnəmənt] n. 比赛，锦标赛
- I’m excited to compete in the tennis tournament this weekend.
- 我很兴奋这周末参加网球比赛。
tragic [ˈtrædʒɪk] adj. 悲剧的，悲惨的
- It was a tragic accident that claimed many lives.
- 那是一场夺去了许多生命的悲剧事故。
trait [treɪt] n. 特征，特点
- One of her most admirable traits is her kindness.
- 她最令人钦佩的特点之一是她的善良。
transmit [trænzˈmɪt] v. 传输，传递
- The radio station will transmit the live concert tonight.
- 无线电台将传输今晚的现场音乐会。
tribe [traɪb] n. 部落，族群
- The indigenous tribe has lived in this area for thousands of years.
- 这个土著部落在这个地区生活了数千年。
trillion [ˈtrɪljən] number 万亿
- The national debt is over 28 trillion dollars.
- 国家债务超过28万亿美元。
troop [truːp] n. 部队，军队
- The troop of soldiers marched in formation.
- 士兵部队步伐整齐地行进。
tsunami [suːˈnɑːmi] n. 海啸
- The tsunami caused widespread destruction along the coast.
- 海啸在海岸沿线造成了广泛的破坏。
undergo [ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ] v. 经历，承受
- She had to undergo surgery to remove the tumor.
- 她必须接受手术切除肿瘤。
undertake [ˌʌndərˈteɪk] v. 承担，从事；承诺，答应；
- The company will undertake a new project next year.
- 公司将在明年承担一个新项目。
unfold [ʌnˈfoʊld] v. 展开，揭露
- The story of the mystery slowly begins to unfold.
- 这个谜团的故事慢慢开始展开。
unite [juˈnaɪt] v. 统一，联合
- The two countries decided to unite their efforts to fight climate change.
- 这两个国家决定联合起来应对气候变化。
unity [ˈjuːnəti] n. 统一，团结
- The team’s unity was what helped them win the championship.
- 团队的团结是帮助他们赢得冠军的关键。
variation [ˌveriˈeɪʃən] n. 变化，变异
- There is a lot of variation in the weather patterns during this time of year.
- 每年这个时候天气模式变化很大。
vertical [ˈvɜrtɪkl] adj. 垂直的，竖直的
- She carefully climbed the steep vertical cliff.
- 她小心地爬上陡峭的垂直悬崖。
viewpoint [ˈvjuːpɔɪnt] n. 观点，看法
- His viewpoint on the issue was quite different from mine.
- 他对这个问题的观点与我的相当不同。
visa [ˈviːzə] n. 签证
- I need to apply for a visa before I can travel to that country.
- 我需要申请签证才能前往那个国家。
voluntary [ˈvɑːlənteri] adj. 自愿的，志愿的
- She decided to do voluntary work at the local homeless shelter.
- 她决定在当地的无家可归者庇护所做志愿工作。
volunteer [ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr] n. 志愿者
- Many volunteers showed up to help with the charity event.
- 许多志愿者来帮助慈善活动。
welfare [ˈwelfer] n. 福利，幸福
- The government provides welfare assistance to those in need.
- 政府为有需要的人提供福利援助。
wheat [wiːt] n. 小麦
- Farmers in this region grow a lot of wheat.
- 这个地区的农民种了很多小麦。
widespread [ˈwaɪdspred] adj. 广泛的，普遍的
- The news of the scandal quickly became widespread.
- 丑闻的消息很快传开了。
withdraw [wɪðˈdrɔː] v. 撤回，退回
- He decided to withdraw his application for the job.
- 他决定撤回申请这份工作的申请。
workforce [ˈwɜːrkfɔːrs] n. 劳动力，全体员工
- The company has a diverse workforce from all over the world.
- 公司的员工来自世界各地，具有多样性。
workplace [ˈwɜːrkpleɪs] n. 工作场所
- We spend a lot of time in the workplace, so it’s important to have a positive work environment.
- 我们在工作场所花费了很多时间，所以拥有积极的工作环境非常重要。
workshop [ˈwɜːrkʃɑːp] n. 车间，工作室
- My dad spends most of his time in his workshop, where he builds furniture.
- 我爸爸大部分时间都在他的车间里，他在那里制作家具。
wrist [rɪst] n. 手腕
- She injured her wrist while playing tennis, so she had to wear a brace.
- 她在打网球时受伤了，所以她不得不戴上护腕

C1

a

abolish v.
abortion n.
absence n.
absent adj.
absurd adj.
abuse n., v.
academy n.
accelerate v.
acceptance n.
accessible adj.
accomplishment n.
accordingly adv.
accountability n.
accountable adj.
accumulate v.
accumulation n.
accusation n.
accused n.
acid adj.
acquisition n.
activation n.
activist n.
acute adj.
adaptation n.
adhere v.
adjacent adj.
adjustment n.
administer v.
administrative adj.
administrator n.
admission n.
adolescent n.
adoption n.
adverse adj.
advocate n., v.
aesthetic adj.
affection n.
aftermath n.
aggression n.
agricultural adj.
aide n.
alert v., n., adj.
alien adj.
align v.
alignment n.
alike adv., adj.
allegation n.
allege v.
allegedly adv.
alliance n.
allocate v.
allocation n.
allowance n.
ally n.
aluminum n.
amateur adj., n.
ambassador n.
amend v.
amendment n.
amid prep.
analogy n.
anchor n.
angel n.
anonymous adj.
apparatus n.
apparel n.
appealing adj.
appetite n.
applaud v.
applicable adj.
appoint v.
appreciation n.
arbitrary adj.
architectural adj.
archive n.
arena n.
arm v.
array n.
articulate v.
ash n.
aspiration n.
aspire v.
assassination n.
assault n., v.
assemble v.
assembly n.
assert v.
assertion n.
assurance n.
asylum n.
atrocity n.
attain v.
attendance n.
attribute v., n.
auction n.
audit n.
authentic adj.
authorize v.
auto n.
autonomy n.
autumn n.
availability n.
await v.

b

backdrop n.
backing n.
backup n.
bail n.
ballot n.
bankruptcy n.
banner n.
bare adj.
barrel n.
bass n.
bat v.
battlefield n.
bay n.
beam n.
beast n.
behalf n.
behavioral adj.
beloved adj.
bench n.
benchmark n.
beneath prep.
beneficiary n.
betray v.
beverage n.
bind v.
biography n.
bishop n.
bizarre adj.
blade n.
blast n., v.
bleed v.
blend v., n.
bless v.
blessing n.
boast v.
bonus n.
booking n.
boom n.
bounce v.
boundary n.
bow v., n.
breach n., v.
breakdown n.
breakthrough n.
breed v., n.
broadband n.
browser n.
brutal adj.
buddy n.
buffer n.
bulk n.
burden n.
bureaucracy n.
burial n.
burst v.

c

cabinet n.
calculation n.
canvas n.
capability n.
capitalism n.
capitalist adj.
cargo n.
carriage n.
carve v.
casino n.
casualty n.
catalog n.
cater v.
cattle n.
caution n.
cautious adj.
cease v.
cemetery n.
chamber n.
chaos n.
characterize v.
charm n.
charter n.
choir n.
chronic adj.
chunk n.
circulate v.
circulation n.
citizenship n.
civic adj.
civilian n., adj.
clarity n.
clash n.
classification n.
cling v.
clinical adj.
closure n.
cluster n.
coalition n.
coastal adj.
cocktail n.
cognitive adj.
coincide v.
collaborate v.
collaboration n.
collective adj.
collision n.
colonial adj.